What the dickens
Origins of the Phrase “What the Dickens”
The phrase “What the dickens” is a curious idiom that has intrigued linguists and historians alike. Its origins can be traced back to the early 17th century, and it has evolved in meaning and usage over the centuries. This article delves into the history of this phrase, exploring its etymology, cultural significance, and how it has been used in literature and everyday conversation.
Etymology of “Dickens”
The term “dickens” is believed to be a euphemism for the devil, similar to other expressions like “the deuce” or “the dick.” The use of “dickens” in this context can be linked to the practice of avoiding direct references to the devil, which was considered taboo in many cultures. The phrase “What the dickens” essentially serves as an exclamation of surprise, confusion, or disbelief, akin to asking “What the devil is going on?”
One of the earliest recorded uses of the phrase appears in the play “The Merry Wives of Windsor” by William Shakespeare, written around 1602. In this play, the character Mistress Page exclaims, “What the devil!” This indicates that the use of “dickens” as a substitute for “devil” was already in circulation during Shakespeare’s time. However, the exact phrase “What the dickens” did not appear until later.
Literary References
The phrase gained popularity in the 18th century, particularly in the works of Charles Dickens, who was a prominent English novelist. Although Dickens did not coin the phrase, his widespread fame and the popularity of his novels helped to cement the expression in the English language. The phrase “What the dickens” became associated with the whimsical and often absurd situations found in Dickens’s stories, further embedding it into the cultural lexicon.
One notable instance of the phrase can be found in Dickens’s novel “The Pickwick Papers,” published in 1836. The character Mr. Pickwick uses the expression to convey his astonishment at the events unfolding around him. This usage contributed to the phrase’s association with surprise and bewilderment, reinforcing its place in everyday language.
Cultural Significance
The phrase “What the dickens” has transcended its original context and has become a staple of English vernacular. It is often used in both spoken and written language to express disbelief or confusion. Its playful nature makes it a popular choice among speakers who wish to convey surprise without resorting to more vulgar or offensive language.
In addition to its use in literature, the phrase has appeared in various forms of media, including television shows, movies, and songs. Its versatility allows it to fit into a wide range of contexts, from lighthearted banter to more serious discussions. This adaptability has helped the phrase endure over time, making it a beloved expression in contemporary English.
Modern Usage
Today, “What the dickens” is often used in a humorous or exaggerated manner. It can be employed in casual conversations, as well as in more formal writing, to convey a sense of astonishment or incredulity. For example, one might say, “What the dickens is going on here?” when faced with an unexpected situation, or “I can’t believe it! What the dickens were they thinking?” when reacting to a surprising decision.
Despite its somewhat archaic sound, the phrase remains relevant and continues to be used by speakers of all ages. Its whimsical charm and historical roots make it a fascinating example of how language evolves and adapts over time.
Conclusion
The phrase “What the dickens” has a rich history that reflects the evolution of language and cultural norms. From its origins as a euphemism for the devil to its popularization through the works of Charles Dickens, this idiom has become a delightful expression of surprise and confusion. Its continued usage in modern English speaks to the enduring nature of language and the ways in which we communicate our feelings and reactions to the world around us.