Three score and ten

The Origins of the Phrase “Three Score and Ten”

The phrase “three score and ten” is a traditional idiom that has its roots in the English language, specifically in the context of counting and age. To fully understand its origins, we must first break down the components of the phrase and explore its historical significance.

Understanding the Components

The term “score” is an archaic word that means twenty. Therefore, “three score” translates to sixty (3 x 20), and when combined with “ten,” the entire phrase refers to seventy. This method of counting dates back to Old English and has been used in various forms throughout history.

Historical Context

The use of “score” as a unit of measurement can be traced back to ancient times. It was commonly used in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in literature and religious texts. One of the most notable uses of the phrase “three score and ten” appears in the Bible, specifically in the Book of Psalms. Psalm 90:10 states, “The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labor and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away.” This passage reflects on the brevity of human life and has contributed to the phrase’s enduring presence in the English language.

Literary References

Beyond its biblical origins, “three score and ten” has appeared in various literary works throughout history. Notably, William Shakespeare utilized the phrase in his play “King Lear,” where it is used to denote the age of the character Gloucester. The phrase has also been referenced in poetry and prose, often symbolizing the average lifespan of a person during the time it was written.

Modern Usage

In contemporary language, “three score and ten” is not as commonly used as it once was, but it still holds a place in discussions about aging and mortality. The phrase evokes a sense of nostalgia and reflects on the passage of time, making it a poignant expression in both literary and conversational contexts.

Cultural Significance

The phrase has transcended its numerical meaning to become a metaphor for the human experience. It encapsulates the idea that life is finite and encourages reflection on how one spends their years. In many cultures, reaching the age of seventy is considered a significant milestone, often celebrated with parties or gatherings, further emphasizing the importance of this phrase in societal contexts.

Conclusion

In summary, “three score and ten” is a phrase steeped in history, with roots that extend back to biblical times and a rich presence in literature. Its meaning, which translates to seventy, serves as a reminder of the fleeting nature of life and the importance of cherishing each moment. While its usage may have diminished in modern vernacular, the phrase continues to resonate with those who reflect on the passage of time and the human experience.

For those interested in exploring more about the origins of phrases and idioms, resources such as Phrases.org.uk and Etymology Online provide extensive information on the history and evolution of language.